Coronary Artery Disease - Symptoms and Treatments India

The heart is the hardest working muscle in the human body. It beats 100,000 times a day. It is responsible for supplying the entire body with oxygenated, nutrient rich blood so that organs can stay healthy and function properly. The heart is the hub of the circulatory system which consists of arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Coronary Artery Disease, or atherosclerosis is a progressive narrowing and hardening of the arteries which provide blood to the heart. The heart muscle doesn't get sufficient oxygen when the heart arteries are contracted. If your heart is starving out of oxygen, then the pain in the chest arises which is called as angina. If your artery is totally blocked then the result would be heart attack.

Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease usually don't present until after the age of 50. While men typically show signs 10 years earlier than women, by the age of 60 it is the leading cause of death in both men and women. Symptoms usually occur during times of physical activity when the heart is working harder than at rest. These symptoms include angina, otherwise known as chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart attack. Less commonly reported symptoms include rapid heart beat, sweating, and feeling sick to your stomach.

CAD is treatable through medication and surgical procedures. Some medications can are used to help lower cholesterol or blood pressure, while others assist in thinning the blood and reducing the chance of blood clots. Surgical procedures include angioplasty, use of a stent, or bypass surgery. An angioplasty procedure involving a long skinny balloon that is inserted into the blocked artery where it is then inflated to compress the plaque buildup.

While some risk factors such as age, gender, and family history are beyond our control, lifestyle changes such as avoiding cigarettes and second hand smoke, eating a healthy diet, and regular exercise can reduce or even eliminate many of the risks associated with CAD. Making changes to adopt a healthy lifestyle will not only increase your quality of life but improve your overall health and reduce the risk of CAD.

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Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

CoronaryArtery Bypass graft (CABG) surgery involves opening the chest and temporarily directing the blood through a heart-lung machine, which takes care of circulation while the heart is cooled, stopped, and repaired. Blockages in the coronary arteries are bypassed by harvesting a blood vessel from elsewhere in the body  and sewing it onto the coronary artery so as to reroute the blood flow around the blockage. Once the repair is complete, the heart is warmed and restarted, and the chest is closed.

                                      

CoronaryAngioplasty

Please, don't misunderstand, an emergency angioplasty, when you are on the table having a heart attack can do three important things: 

•  Restore blood flow immediately
•  Prevent further heart damage
•  Save your life
  
  
  However, in many cases the procedure does not have lasting benefits. What happens in many cases is that the artery undergoes restenosis. It becomes a clogged artery again, in the same spot!

Bypass Surgery

Bypass surgery, CABG, has similar poor results yet bypass surgery is more successful in regards to restenosis than is stenting via angioplasty.

A surgical team may strip a vein from your leg and graft it to an artery in your heart and restore blood flow at that site but since atherosclerosis does not affect just one section of one artery, it affects your whole arterial system, bypass surgery often has to be performed several times or until you have no suitable leg or arm veins to use in the procedure. And of course those procedures carry risks, in fact 5 percent of patients die during or within 2 weeks of the procedures and another small percentage have been known to leave this life 90 days after bypass surgery.

                                   Coronary artery bypass surgery is  the flow of blood around arteries which are clogged. This improves the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart. Coronary arteries, which are the arteries through which blood flows to the heart, can sometimes become clogged by the buildup of cholesterol or fat. This clogging slows or stops the flow of blood to the heart, which in turn can lead to pain in the chest, or even a heart attack. The object of heart bypass surgery is to increase the flow of blood to the heart to restore optimal heart functioning.

     The surgeon takes a piece of blood vessel from the chest or leg of the patient and grafts it onto the aorta, the artery which leaves the heart, and then he grafts the other end to the coronary artery beneath the block, thus creating a detour around the arterial blockage. The number of bypasses - single, double, triple, quadruple - refer to how many coronary arteries are bypassed in the operation, which depends upon the number of blocked coronary arteries. A triple bypass Illinois means that three coronary arteries are bypassed. In some bypass operations a heart lung machine is employed to maintain the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart during the procedure.

When the surgery is over the patient is placed in the intensive care unit so that the heart rate and the blood pressure can be monitored continuously for a day or so. Medication which regulates blood pressure and circulation are given intravenously, and a breathing tube may be used until the patient is able to breathe alone. 

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